How does breastfeeding influence the neonatal gut microbiome?

Breastfeeding significantly influences the neonatal gut microbiome by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, particularly Bifidobacteria, in breastfed infants. Breast milk contains prebiotics, such as oligosaccharides, which serve as food for these beneficial bacteria. Bifidobacteria contributes to the development of a healthy gut microbiome by enhancing gut barrier function, modulating immune responses, and preventing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This beneficial gut environment is crucial for the overall health and development of the infant.

In contrast, formula feeding typically leads to a different microbiome composition, often characterized by a higher prevalence of potentially harmful bacteria and lower levels of Bifidobacteria. This difference underscores the unique role of breast milk in shaping the gut microbiome, providing infants with a stronger foundation for health during their early life stages.