What types of birth trauma can negatively affect breastfeeding?

Cephalohematomas and musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are indeed types of birth trauma that can negatively impact breastfeeding. Cephalohematomas, which are collections of blood between the skull and the periosteum, can lead to swelling and discomfort in the infant. This discomfort may make it difficult for the baby to latch on properly or to stay latched during breastfeeding, potentially leading to inadequate feeding.

Musculoskeletal injuries, such as shoulder dystocia or fracture of the collarbone, can also hinder a baby's ability to suck effectively. If a baby is experiencing pain or has limited movement due to these injuries, it may struggle to maintain a good breastfeeding position or latch, which can further impact the infant’s feeding efficiency and comfort. Therefore, these specific types of birth trauma can create barriers to successful breastfeeding, making this option valid.

Other types of trauma listed, while they may affect the infant's overall health, might not directly influence the mechanics of breastfeeding as directly as cephalohematomas and musculoskeletal issues do.